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Cisco CCNA Voice Certification Exam Tutorial – Default Max Ephone and Ephone-dn and Configurations
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=David_Bombal]David Bombal

How many phones and directory numbers can be configured on Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express by default?

Answer: Zero!

Yes, by default, no ephones or directory numbers can register. Before doing anything else, the following configuration is required:

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#telephony-service
Router(config-telephony)#max-ephones 4
Router(config-telephony)#max-dn 8

This allow up to 4 phones to register / be configured and 8 directory numbers.

If you don’t do this, the router will not allow ephones or ephone-dns to be created. Here is an example of what would happen:

R1(config)#ephone 1
ephone tag 1 exceeds max-ephones 0
R1(config)#ephone-dn 1
dn 1 exceeds max-dn 0

The maximum number of ephones and ephone-dns that can be configured is platform dependent. Here is an example of my router that can support 30 phones with up to 150 ephone-dns:

R1(config-telephony)#max-ephones ?
Maximum phones to support

R1(config-telephony)#max-dn ?
Maximum directory numbers supported

Cisco have a great document showing you how many ephones/dns are supported on specific platforms. Have a look [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps4625/products_device_support_tables_list.html]here

As an example, using CME version 4.3:
The 2801 supports 25 phones and 120 ephone-dns
The 2811 supports 35 phones and 144 ephone-dns
The 2821 supports 50 phones and 192 ephone-dns
The 3845 supports 250 phones and 720 ephone-dns

(There are others, please refer to the link above for a full list)

Cisco also recommend that you only enable the number of ephones and ephone-dns for the number you require, not the maximum the platform can support. The reason is that when a ephone / ephone-dn is created, it uses up memory on the router. Don’t just create them because you can! Create only what is required.

To your success!

David Bombal,

CCIE #11023, CCSI, CCDP, CCIP, CCNP, CCSP, CCVP, CCNA, CCDA

David has over 10 years experience in the IT industry and has been training in the Cisco market for over 8 years. He has worked with Cisco IP Telephony since the Call Manager 3.0 days in 2001.

He is the owner of http://www.CCNAVoice.com which has many resources for the CCNA Voice candidate. Get access to free articles, eBooks, training and more. http://www.CCNAVoice.com also provides test questions and simulations to help you prepare for your studies, premium access to more detailed information and mentoring.

© 2003 – 2008 by Network Experts Limited – All Rights Reserved

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=David_Bombal http://EzineArticles.com/?Cisco-CCNA-Voice-Certification-Exam-Tutorial—Default-Max-Ephone-and-Ephone-dn-and-Configurations&id=1398666

CCNA Certification Training:  Configuring Static Routes On A Cisco Router
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant]Chris Bryant

The great thing about CCNA certification training is that the skills you learn will truly come in handy when working with Cisco routers and switches in production networks.  That’s particularly true of static route configuration.  While most networks use dynamic routing protocols such as RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF to build routing tables, static routes still come in handy sometimes – especially if a routing protocol configuration goes awry.

Let’s say that you just added a new segment to your network and you’ve successfully added it to your network’s routing tables.  Suddenly, on Monday morning, users on that segment can’t get to a network resource such as an email server, or they can’t get out to the Internet.  We all know what it’s like to try to fix something while the phone’s ringing like crazy.  That’s when we have to do two things…

1.  Resist the temptation to tell the caller “I would fix it, but I’m too busy talking to you”

2.  Apply some kind of “quick fix” that will give you time to investigate the problem

Static routes are a great quick fix.  You can use a static route to get the users where they need to be, which gives you time to find out what the problem is with the dynamic routing protocol. (You must also resist the temptation to apply a static route and declare the problem fixed!)

Static routes are configured with the ip route command, followed by the destination network and mask.  After that, you must specify either the next-hop IP address or the local exit interface.  Both of the following masks are acceptable:

ip route 172.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 210.1.1.1

ip route 172.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial0

Using IOS Help on a Cisco router shows the various options:

R1(config)#ip route ?

A.B.C.D  Destination prefix

profile  Enable IP routing table profile

vrf      Configure static route for a VPN Routing/Forwarding instance

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.0 ?

A.B.C.D  Destination prefix mask

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 ?

A.B.C.D    Forwarding router’s address

BRI        ISDN Basic Rate Interface

Dialer     Dialer interface

Loopback   Loopback interface

Null       Null interface

Serial     Serial

TokenRing  IEEE 802.5

Remember, you’re specifying either the next-hop router’s IP address or the local router’s exit interface!

Configuring static routes is a great skill to have in the network room and in the CCNA exam room.  Be ready to configure them in either situation!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 200 free certification exam tutorials, including <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/”>CCNA certification</a> training articles. His exclusive <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/UltimateCCNAStudyPackage.html”>CCNA study guide</a> is also available!

Visit his blog and sign up for Cisco Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA”, is also available, and you can attend an in-person or online  <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/CCNACCNPOnlineAndInPersonBootCamp.htm”>Cisco CCNA training</a> boot camp with The Bryant Advantage!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant http://EzineArticles.com/?CCNA-Certification-Training:–Configuring-Static-Routes-On-A-Cisco-Router&id=371788

CCNA Certification Exam Training:  Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant]Chris Bryant

CCNA certification exam training is all about learning the details, and an important part of your CCNA test prep is knowing the differences between Cisco router and switch technologies that are somewhat similar.  Packet switching and circuit switching are both methods of getting packets from “point A” to “point B”, but the methods used are very different – and you must know these differences to earn your Cisco CCNA certification.

In my last CCNA training tutorial, I discussed packet switching.   In case you missed that article, packet switching is a method of transporting packets from source to destination via different paths; that is, the packets will not necessarily share the same physical path.  The packets are put into their proper order at the destination.  Packet switching is highly effective, but should not be used for delay-sensitive traffic such as voice or video packets.   Not only is Frame Relay a big topic for your CCNA exam, it’s also an excellent example of a packet-switching technology.

In circuit switching, a dedicated path is built between the source and destination, and the packets will all be sent over this dedicated path.   If this sounds like a telephone call, you’re right!  A phone call is a great example of circuit switching.  On a Cisco router, ISDN is a circuit-switching technology.

The deciding factor between circuit switching and packet switching comes down to the tolerance for delay.  Not to say that packet switching is slow, but any reassembly takes time.  While most packet-switching technologies are cheaper to run than most circuit-switching technologies, that cost is offset by the slight delay inherent to packet switching.  For voice and video, circuit switching is the most effective.

Packet switching and circuit switching both have their place in today’s Cisco networks, and don’t be surprised if both topics show up on your CCNA certification exam as well!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including <A target=”_new” href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/”>Cisco CCNA certification test prep</a> articles. His exclusive <A target=”_new” href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/UltimateCCNAStudyPackage.html”>Cisco CCNA study guide and Cisco CCNA training </a> is also available!

Visit his blog and sign up for Cisco Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA”, is also available, and you can attend an in-person or online  <A target=”_new” href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/CCNACCNPOnlineAndInPersonBootCamp.htm”>CCNA boot camp</a> with The Bryant Advantage!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant http://EzineArticles.com/?CCNA-Certification-Exam-Training:–Circuit-Switching-vs.-Packet-Switching&id=360234

Cisco CCNA Certification Training:  Etherchannels And Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant]Chris Bryant

Cisco CCNA certification looks great on your resume, and it also teaches you vital real-world networking skills.  One exam topic that you’ll definitely see in today’s networks is the configuration of an Etherchannel on a Cisco router.  You need to know how to build and verify one – so let’s build one right now!

In this Cisco training tutorial, we’ll use two switches that are connected at ports 0/11 and 0/12 via crossover cables.  SW1 is the root bridge, SW2 is the non-root bridge.  Even though there are two separate physical connections, spanning tree protocol (STP) will only allow the use of one, as verified by the partial output of “show spanning vlan 1″ on SW2.

Fa0/11           Root FWD 19        128.11   P2p

Fa0/12           Altn   BLK 19        128.12   P2p

It’s a waste of network resources not to use that second physical path.  Additionally, there’s going to be a delay in cutting over from 0/11 to 0/12 if the forwarding path goes down for some reason.  We can get around both of these issues by creating an Etherchannel.  An Etherchannel is a logical bundling of physical paths into one logical path.  By configuring an Etherchannel on both 0/11 and 0/12, we will be left with one logical connection that will actually use the full capacity of both physical connections!

SW1(config)#int fast 0/11

SW1(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on

Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1

The channel-group command must be configured on each physical interface that we want to place into the Etherchannel, so we’ll have to configure it on ports 0/11 and 0/12 on both SW1 and SW2.  Naturally, the group number used must match among all ports placed into the Etherchannel

Did you notice the router message “creating a port-channel interface port-channel 1″?  You can verify the creation of that virtual interface just as you would a physical interface:

SW1#show int port-channel 1

Port-channel1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)

Hardware is EtherChannel, address is 000f.90e1.c24b (bia 000f.90e1.c24b)

Note the readout “Hardware is EtherChannel”.  Also, where we once saw two physical ports when we ran “show spanning vlan 1″, we now see only one – the port-channel.  Also note that where the individual ports had a port cost of 19, the Etherchannel has a cost of 12 due to its increased bandwidth capabilities.

Po1              Desg FWD 12        128.65   P2p

Etherchannels give us a performance benefit and a fault tolerance benefit as well.  Performance is increased since all physical channels between the two switches can be used, rather than the one STP allows by default. (You can place up to eight separate physical links into a single Etherchannel.)  Fault tolerance is also increased, since a physical channel bundled into the Etherchannel can go down without an STP recalculation — STP sees the Etherchannel as one single connection!

Etherchannels aren’t just important to know about for the CCNA exam, they’re commonly used in real-world networks as well – so make sure you know how to configure and troubleshoot them!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 200 free certification exam tutorials, including <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/”>CCNA certification</a> training articles. His exclusive <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/UltimateCCNAStudyPackage.html”>CCNA study guide</a> is also available!

Visit his blog and sign up for Cisco Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA”, is also available, and you can attend an in-person or online  <A target=”_new”
href=”http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/CCNACCNPOnlineAndInPersonBootCamp.htm”>Cisco CCNA training</a> boot camp with The Bryant Advantage!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Bryant [http://ezinearticles.com/?Cisco-CCNA-Certification-Training:--Etherchannels-And-Spanning-Tree-Protocol-(STP)&id=371780 ]http://EzineArticles.com/?Cisco-CCNA-Certification-Training:–Etherchannels-And-Spanning-Tree-Protocol-(STP)&id=371780